Hibiscus sabdariffa

Roselle is a species of flowering plant in the genus Hibiscus that is native to Africa, most likely West Africa. In the 16th and early 17th centuries it was spread to Asia and the West Indies, where it has since become naturalized in many places. The stems are used for the production of bast fibre and the dried cranberry-tasting calyces are commonly steeped to make a popular infusion known by many names, including carcade.

Roselle is an annual or perennial herb or woody-based subshrub, growing to 2–2.5 m (7–8 ft) tall. The leaves are deeply three- to five-lobed, 8–15 cm (3–6 in) long, arranged alternately on the stems. The flowers are 8–10 cm (3–4 in) in diameter, white to pale yellow with a dark red spot at the base of each petal, and have a stout, conspicuous calyx at the base, 1–2 cm (0.39–0.79 in) wide, enlarging to 3–3.5 cm (1.2–1.4 in) and becoming fleshy and a deep crimson red as the fruit matures, which takes about six months.

Roselle, also known as Hibiscus sabdariffa, has various culinary uses, particularly in beverages and food preparations. While using Roselle in culinary applications, it's essential to balance its tartness with sweeteners or other flavors as needed. The vibrant color and unique taste of Roselle can bring a delightful and distinctive element to a wide range of dishes and beverages.

Culinary uses

Here are some common culinary uses of Roselle:

• Hibiscus Tea: One of the most popular uses of Roselle is in the preparation of hibiscus tea. The dried calyces of the Roselle plant are steeped to make a refreshing, vibrant red herbal tea. This tea can be consumed hot or cold and is often sweetened with honey or other natural sweeteners.

• Beverages: Roselle extracts are used to make a variety of beverages, including juices, punches, and cocktails. The tart and tangy flavor of Roselle adds a unique twist to drinks.

• Jams and Jellies: The tartness of Roselle makes it suitable for making jams and jellies. The extracted juice or cooked calyces are combined with sugar to create flavorful spreads.
• Sauces: Roselle can be used to prepare sauces, adding a tangy flavor to dishes. It complements both sweet and savory sauces, enhancing the overall taste.
• Desserts: Incorporate Roselle into desserts such as sorbets, ice creams, and fruit salads. Its vibrant color and unique taste can elevate the flavor profile of sweet treats.
• Salads: Fresh or dried Roselle calyces can be used in salads to introduce a tangy element. The dried calyces can be rehydrated or used as a crunchy topping.
• Chutneys: Roselle chutney, often combined with complementary fruits and spices, makes a flavorful condiment that pairs well with various dishes.
• Infusions in Cooking: Add dried Roselle calyces to stews, soups, or rice dishes to infuse a hint of tartness and a rich red color.
• Dessert Garnish: Use dried Roselle calyces as a decorative garnish for cakes, pastries, or other desserts.

This plant is used as herbal tea and a medicinal plant in Iranian folk medicine. Mountain tea is anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, anticancer, prevents infection to Helicobacter pylori and has antioxidant effects.

Medicinal uses

• Blood Pressure Management: Hibiscus sabdariffa has been studied for its potential antihypertensive effects, which may help in managing blood pressure.
• Antioxidant Properties: It is rich in antioxidants, including vitamin C and various polyphenols, which can help combat oxidative stress and support overall health.
• Cholesterol Reduction: Some studies suggest that Hibiscus sabdariffa may contribute to reducing cholesterol levels.
• Diuretic Effect: It has mild diuretic properties, potentially aiding in promoting urine flow.
• Weight Management: Some research indicates that Hibiscus sabdariffa may be associated with weight management and reducing obesity-related risks.
• Liver Health: Traditional uses include supporting liver health, although more research is needed in this area.

Precautions

• Pregnancy and Breastfeeding: Pregnant or breastfeeding women should exercise caution, as there is limit ed safety information regarding Hibiscus sabdariffa in these situations.
• Low Blood Pressure: Individuals with already low blood pressure should monitor their levels carefully, as Hibiscus sabdariffa may have a hypotensive effect.
• Allergies: People with known allergies to hibiscus plants should avoid its use to prevent allergic reactions.
• Medication Interactions: Hibiscus sabdariffa may interact with certain medications, including antihypertensive drugs and medications metabolized by the liver. Consult with a healthcare professional if you are on medication.

Interactions

• Antihypertensive Drugs: Hibiscus sabdariffa may enhance the effects of antihypertensive medications, potentially leading to excessively low blood pressure.
• Antidiabetic Drugs: It may interact with antidiabetic medications, affecting blood sugar levels.
• Antiarrhythmic Drugs: Hibiscus sabdariffa might interact with antiarrhythmic medications, influencing heart rhythm.